A home is an environmental complex factor where the family spends its life. People spend the most part of their life in their home and hence, they need to observe rules of hygiene otherwise it can occur different kind of diseases.
The hygiene conditions in a home are:
- – Physical
- – Chemical
- – Biological
- – Psychosocial
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Physical Conditions
Physical conditions represents in fact, an ensemble, which is called the micro climate of the room consisting of temperature, humidity, air movement, solar radiations and artificial sources that provide heating and lighting.
1| Temperature: It should be around 18-20˚C (64 – 68 F) and relatively uniform, the differences are less than 2-3ºC (35 – 37 F) during the day between different room points.
2| Humidity: It is given by water vapor and should be moderate 40-60%. When the humidity is exceeded, adverse actions occur on the human body. The water vapor can condense on the walls causing dampness (water infiltration) with serious harmful effects on health, such as rheumatism.
3| Air movement: It must be present, but reduced below 0.5 m/s. Above this speed, the air movement can become a risk factor to your health.
Providing these conditions in your home, it will be created a micro climate in which the body is in a state of comfort, being able to maintain a constant temperature without thermoregulation efforts, as happens when a hot microclimate (temperature, higher humidity and still air) or too cold (with reverse physical conditions) when the body strives to ensure a constant temperature. In extreme cases, these can cause various diseases, especially of the nose and throat, lung, rheumatic, renal, etc.
4| Solar radiations: Sunlight ensure normal functioning of the eye and its ultraviolet radiation plays an important role in the formation of vitamin D, destroying microorganisms and disease protection. Therefore, it is recommend a good sunlight through the windows of the house, and they must be clean and unaffected. When solar radiation is insufficient, can cause vision problems that require glasses, infection by promoting the development of micro. For toddlers the lack of ultraviolet radiation can cause rickets.
5| The relative silence (no noise) is another physical condition. Noise disturbs your rest, hearing and in fact, your overall health. It may come from outside, caused by cars, gardeners, restaurants etc., or may be produced in dwelling beings caused by radio, television, hitting the door, screaming, etc.
Chemical Conditions
Chemical composition of air is keeping as close to the natural and preventing the pollution with particles and gases that may come from outside or can be produced inside by heating, smoking, spoiled food, garbage, and lack of ventilation. Chemical pollution of air, can cause respiratory irritation, acute and chronic poisoning, etc.
Biological Conditions
Biological conditions mean to ensure living conditions without live pathogens (microorganisms, parasites, insects) or animals capable of transmitting infections and parasitic diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, skin, etc.
Psychosocial Conditions
Psychosocial conditions are the relationships that are established between different tenants. Misunderstandings, quarrels and conflicts can produce disorders of activity, rest and even some, psychological and psychosomatic diseases. Many and various accidents (burns, falls, electrocution, poisoning) can be produced at home through lack of attention as well as by some malfunction of different equipment.
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